Sprinkler Irrigation:


SPRINKLER IRRIGATION
          Sprinkler irrigation system conveys water from the source through pipes under pressure to the field and distributes over the field in the form of spray of ‘rain like’ droplets.  It is also known as overhead irrigation.  Though sprinkler irrigation is known since 1946, it is only since 1980 that this system come to be widely known to farmers in India.  Earlier, plantation farmers used sprinklers for irrigating coffee, tea, cardamom and other crops raised on hill slopes.
COMPONENTS OF SPRINKLER SYSTEM
          A sprinkler system usually consists of a pumping unit, main line, submains, laterals and sprinklers.
Pumping Unit
          A high speed contifugal or turbine pump can be used for operating sprinkler irrigation for individual fields.  Centrifugal pump is used when the distance from the pump inlet to the water surface is less than 8 m.
Piple Lines
          The pipe line consists of mainline, submains and laterals.  Main-line conveys water from the source and distribute it to the submains.  The submains convey water to the laterals which inturn supply water to the sprinklers.  Some systems do not have submains and laterals are directly connected to the mainline.  Aluminium pipes are generally used for portable systems, while steel pipes are usually used for centre-pivot laterals.  Asbestos, cement, PVC and wrapped steel pipes are usually used for buried laterals and mainlines.  Couplers are used for connecting two pipes and uncoupling quickly and easily.
Sprinklers
          Sprinklers distribute water uniformly over the field without runoff or excessive loss due to deep percolation.  Different types of sprinklers are available.  They are either rotating or fixed type.  They are effective with pressure of about 10-17 cm head at the sprinkler.  Rotating type can be adopted for a wide range of application rates and spacing.  Fixed head sprinklers are commonly used to irrigate small lawns and gardens.  A sprinkler may be equipped with 1-3 nozzles.  The performance of sprinkler depends on operating pressure, nozzle geometry, riser and wind velocity.  The performance of a sprinkler is described by its discharge, distribution pattern, distance of throw, application rate and droplet size.
Other Accessories
          Other accessories are water meters, pressure gauge, flanges, couplings, nipples, bends, tees, reducers, elbows, hydrants, butterfly valve and plug and crosses.
TYPES OF SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
          Sprinkler irrigation systems may be classified as portable, semiportable, semipermanent or permanent.  A portable system has portable pipeline and pumping unit and entire system can be moved from field to field.  A semi-portable system has portable pipeline but pumping unit is stationary.  A semipermanent system has portable laterals, permanent mainline with a stationary pumping plant and mainlines are usually buried.  A permanent system has buried pipeline and stationary pumping unit.
      

       CENTRE-PIVOT SYSTEM is largest sprinkler system which a single machine can irrigate upto 100 ha.  A centre-pivot sprinkler consists of a series of sprinklers mounted on a lateral pipe, 50-800 m long, mounted or carried by a row of five or more mobile towers.  The limitations of centre-pivot system are (1) 10-20% area is not irrigated at the corners of square or rectangular plot (2) high energy requirement and (3) huge cost of the equipment.

         

         LATERAL-MOVE SYSTEM are developed to overcome the drawbacks in centre-pivot system for irrigating square or rectangular plots.  This irrigation system consists of lateral-move systems which move up and down the field.

Comments

  1. mahnoorshaikh8 January 2022 at 05:18

    Rain gun Very efficiently written information. It will be beneficial to anybody who utilizes it, including me. Keep up the good work. For sure i will check out more posts. This site seems to get a good amount of visitors.

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