INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM:

INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM
Need for integration of different components
_   Eighty three per cent of the holdings are less than 2.0 ha and majority of these are dry lands
_   Farmers concentrate mainly on crop production, which is subjected to a high degree of uncertainty in income and employment 
Components of Farming Systems
1. Low land system

Fish, Poultry, Duck, Mushroom

Rice – Fish – Azolla
            Rice – Fish – Poultry / Duck
            Rice – Fish – Poultry – Mushroom


II. Irrigated Uplands
Dairy, Poultry, Goat, Sheep , Piggery, Sericulture, Mushroom, Apiary, Pigeon, Rabbit, Quil, etc.
Crop – Dairy – Biogas unit
Crop – Poultry – Biogas unit
Crop – Sheep/ Goat rearing  - Biogas unit

Crop -  Sericulture

Crop – Piggery
III. Dryfarming
Goat / Sheep rearing, Silviculture, Agroforestry, Farm Forestry, Horticultural tree crops
                        Crop –  Silvi pasture  --  Goat / Sheep rearing
            Crop – Silviculture – Hort. Fruit trees
Crops and Cropping System


Ø   Mixed cropping and crop rotations were followed in subsistence agriculture mainly for yield stability and minimizing risks
Ø   For success of multiple cropping programme proper choice of crops and varieties is a pre-requisite.
Ø   Crops should be arranged in such a way that allelopathic effect, temporary immobilisation of nutrients and depletion of nutrients from the same layer of soil do not occur
Ø   Crops, which add large quantities of easily decomposable residues, which benefit the succeeding crop with mobilised nutrients, should be included
Ø   Legumes have a definite place in any cropping system
Ø   Vegetables deserve their due place in intensive cropping system, because;
¯   they have high cash and nutritional values
¯   most vegetables raised as seedlings - reduce main field duration and competition
¯   grown in inter spaces in orchards and plantations
¯   they can be inter or relay cropped in cereal crops.

Intercropping situations

v  Choose crops make best use of space and time with minimum competition
v  Taller component be preferably C4 plant while the shorter component may be shade tolerant C3 plant
v  Advantageous if one of the components is legume
v  Preferable that the peak demand for light and nutrients occur at different times and forage different layers.
Fish culture
±   Area of 0.04 ha fish pond / hectare land holding
±   Depth of fish pond 1. 5 m
±   Silver carp (60) Hypoothalmichthya molitrix (Surface feeder)
±   Catla (60) Catla catla (Surface feeder),
±   Rohu (60) Labeo rohita (column feeder)
±   Mirghal (45) Cirrninus mirgala (bottom feeder)
±   Common carp (45) Cyperinus carpio
±   Grass carp (30) Ctenopharyngodon idella (Grass feeder)
±   Stocking density of fingerlings 7500 per hectare
Poultry enterprise


]   A poultry shed area of 2.2 m2 erected over fishpond
]   Bottom wire mesh (3 mm x 3 mm) to facilitate free falling of poultry dropping into the pond
]   Twenty chicks for this area
]   The feeds like rice bran, maize flour, groundnut cake, alfalfa meal and ill filled paddy grains can be used at the critical stage
Mushroom enterprise

Ä   Mushroom shed with dimension of 5x3m (1.5.kg 2.0 kg day-1)
Ä   Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sp.,) utilizing paddy straw from crop component as base.
 Dairy enterprise
            Four dairy animals can be maintained in a hectare of land in such a way that two give milk throughout the year.
Sericulture


Ï    For uplands with irrigation potential sericulture
Ï    Silkworm rearing completed in about 25-30 days
Ï    Mulberry is to be cultivated in 0.2 ha
Ï    Silk worms can be reared 5 to 6 times in a year.

Apiary

            Few boxes for honey bee rearing can be kept in suitable places
Tree farming

v  Leucaena leucocephala, Acacia senegal and Prosopis cineraria could be planted for fodder, timber and fuel as these are highly drought resistant
v  Deep vertisols fruit trees like pomegranate, sapota and guava can be planted.
Goat rearing

±  Tellicherry goats can be reared under dry land conditions
±  Goats medium size weighs 23-25 kg, yields 1.5 l milk / day
±  Initially five female and one male can be maintained and multiplied to 20 + 1 per hectare land area
±  Stall fed under deep litter system can be adopted.

Rabbit farming


z  A pair of rabbits produces 3,22,000 young ones over a period of five years, yielding 322 t of meat
z  A single female may give birth to 50 young ones / year
z  Meat has higher and more easily digestible protein
z  Hair is used for manufacture of hats and handbags
z  A unit consists 5 females and one male
z  Important breeds are New Zealand white and California white


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