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INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM Need for integration of different components _    Eighty three per cent of the holdings are less than 2.0 ha and majority of these are dry lands _    Farmers concentrate mainly on crop production, which is subjected to a high degree of uncertainty in income and employment  Components of Farming Systems 1. Low land system Fish, Poultry, Duck, Mushroom Rice – Fish – Azolla             Rice – Fish – Poultry / Duck             Rice – Fish – Poultry – Mushroom II. Irrigated Uplands Dairy, Poultry, Goat, Sheep , Piggery, Sericulture, Mushroom, Apiary, Pigeon, Rabbit, Quil, etc. Crop – Dairy – Biogas unit Crop – Poultry – Biogas unit Crop – Sheep/ Goat rearing  - Biogas unit Crop -  Sericulture Crop – Piggery III. Dryfarming Goat / Sheep rearing, Silviculture, Agroforestry, Farm Forestry, Horticultural tree crops                         Crop –  Silvi pasture  --  Goat / Sheep rearing             Crop – Silviculture –

DRIP IRRIGATION           Drip irrigation is defined as the precise, slow application of water in the form of discrete or continuous or tiny streams of miniature sprays through mechanical devices called emitters or applicators located at selected points along water delivery lines.  The terms trickle or drip irrigation are used synonymously.           In the year 1940, Symcha Blass an Israeli engineer, observed that a large tree near a leaking faucet exhibited vigorous growth than other trees in the area.  In 1964 he developed the first patented drip irrigation system.  By the late sixties, this concept spread to Australia and USA and eventually to several countries in the world. COMPONENTS OF DRIP IRRIGATION           Drip irrigation system consists of the following components: pump to lift the water from the source of supply, a head unit consisting of a tank to maintain the required pressure for circulation of water, a central distribution syste

SPRINKLER IRRIGATION           Sprinkler irrigation system conveys water from the source through pipes under pressure to the field and distributes over the field in the form of spray of ‘rain like’ droplets.  It is also known as overhead irrigation.  Though sprinkler irrigation is known since 1946, it is only since 1980 that this system come to be widely known to farmers in India .  Earlier, plantation farmers used sprinklers for irrigating coffee, tea, cardamom and other crops raised on hill slopes. COMPONENTS OF SPRINKLER SYSTEM           A sprinkler system usually consists of a pumping unit, main line, submains, laterals and sprinklers. Pumping Unit           A high speed contifugal or turbine pump can be used for operating sprinkler irrigation for individual fields.  Centrifugal pump is used when the distance from the pump inlet to the water surface is less than 8 m. Piple Lines           The pipe line consists of mainline, submains and laterals.  Main-line conv